Turkey’s transboundary water management practices—particularly its hydro political approaches such as dam construction, water diversion projects, and large-scale agricultural irrigation—have significant implications for the environmental stability and security of neighboring Iran. This research assesses the direct and indirect environmental impacts of Turkey’s hydro political strategies on Iran’s ecological systems, as well as the broader security implications. The study is guided by the following research question: To what extent do Turkey’s water management policies affect Iran’s environmental security, and how might these effects influence regional stability? The research hypothesis posits that Turkey’s control over water resources has reduced Iran’s access to water, negatively affected its wetlands and ecosystems, led to biodiversity loss and degradation of water quality, increased desertification, and lowered agricultural productivity—all of which, in turn, exacerbate Iran’s social, economic, and political instability. This is a qualitative study employing a descriptive-explanatory research method, utilizing internet sources, articles, and books related to the research topic to uncover hidden dimensions of the issue. The analysis is framed by theoretical perspectives from environmental security and hydro politics, particularly institutional theory and environmental security theory.