Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

Geopolitical Requirements of Afghanistan's Foreign Policy

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Phd Political Geography, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Geography, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
3 Emeritus Professor of Political Geography, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Abstract
Afghanistan, as a landlocked buffer state, has endured over four decades of instability and continuous military conflicts, driven by both foreign military interventions and internal strife. The primary focus of these conflicts has been the seizure of power and the expansion of influence within the country. Over this period, two of the world’s leading military powers have attempted direct military intervention, only to be met with failure due to a combination of external rivalries-both regional and global-and internal resistance. These factors have perpetuated the crisis and hindered stability in Afghanistan.
As a buffer state, Afghanistan’s survival depends on maintaining a balanced position among rival powers and avoiding entanglement in their spheres of influence. This requires a carefully crafted foreign policy that acknowledges the unique geopolitical demands imposed by its buffer state status. The hypothesis of this study suggests that one of the key reasons for the persistence of the crisis in Afghanistan is the country’s failure to fully consider these geopolitical imperatives in its foreign policy. This oversight has heightened tensions and encouraged external intervention.
This article aims to first provide a comprehensive understanding of buffer states, drawing on the perspectives of prominent scholars. It then evaluates the foreign policy variables that shape Afghanistan's geopolitical environment, with a focus on the requirements specific to its buffer state role. The research is conducted using a descriptive-analytical methodology, with data sourced from a wide range of library materials, credible domestic and international publications, reports, and electronic sources.
Keywords

Article Title Persian

الزامات ژئوپلیتیکی سیاست خارجی افغانستان

Authors Persian

محمد رضا بهرامی طاقانکی 1
ریباز قربانی نژاد 2
عبدالرضا فرجی راد 3
1 دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، جمهوری اسلامی ایران
3 استاد بازنشسته جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران جمهوری اسلامی ایران
Abstract Persian

افغانستان به عنوان یک کشور حایل و محصور در خشکی، بیش از 4 دهه است با بحران بی ثباتی و درگیری های نظامی مستمر در قالب حضور نیروهای نظامی خارجی و یا منازعه داخلی مواجه می باشد. موضوع منازعه همواره تصاحب قدرت و توسعه نفوذ در این کشور بوده است. در طول این 5 دهه دو قدرت نظامی جهان مبادرت به حضور مستقیم نظامی در این کشور نموده و در هر دو بار مجموعه ای از رقابت های بیرونی اعم از منطقه ای و فرا منطقه ای در کنار مقاومت های داخلی منجر به ناکامی طرف های مداخله گر نظامی خارجی و استمرار بحران گردیده است. این در حالی است که برای افغانستان به عنوان دولت حایل، حفظ موقعیت متعادل در میان قدرت های رقیب حایل ساز و دور ماندن از حوزه نفوذ آنان به منزله حکمت بقا محسوب شده و نیازمند سیاست خارجی با مختصات ویژه ای است که این مهم را ممکن سازد.
فرض پژوهش حاضر بر این قرار گرفته که یکی از دلایل اصلی استمرار بحران در افغانستان، عدم توجه این کشور به الزامات ژئوپلیتیکی است که ماهیت فضای حایل به سیاست خارجی آن تحمیل می کند. این عدم توجه با تولید حساسیت در طرف و یا طرف های دیگر انگیزه لازم برای مداخله را فراهم ساخته است. این مقاله تلاش دارد تا ابتدا تصویری کلی از کشور حایل برگرفته از دیدگاه محققین برجسته ارائه و در ادامه با تمرکز بر حوزه سیاست خارجی کشور حایل، به ارزیابی متغیرهای شکل دهنده الزامات سیاست خارجی کشور افغانستان بپردازد.

Keywords Persian

"دولت حایل"
"الزامات ژئوپلیتیکی"
"سیاست خارجی"
"بحران"
"نظام بین الملل"
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  • Receive Date 01 May 2023
  • Revise Date 20 May 2023
  • Accept Date 28 August 2023