Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

The Evolution of War under International Law: The Iran-Afghanistan Water Conflict in the Hamoun Ecosystem

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The exploration of emerging conflict concepts in the context of international law raises a theoretical question, particularly with the introduction of the novel concept of war. This paper analyzes the theoretical domain, emphasizing the necessity for analytical discourse that integrates legal arguments. It posits that the legitimization of conceptualizations, including the innovative notion of environmental warfare emerging from the modern concept of war, contributes to the development of a normative framework. With further in-depth study, this framework has the potential to advance theoretical discourse beyond the current epistemological boundaries of international law. The concept of environmental warfare-particularly the weaponization of border rivers-can be contextualized within the evolving landscape of international law by emphasizing the severe crises and famines caused by the destruction of vital water sources. As international law increasingly integrates environmental protection, it must confront the deliberate targeting of water resources, which poses catastrophic consequences for civilian populations reliant on these essential resources. Employing the socio-dogmatic method and utilizing quantitative measures, the current paper asserts that emerging conflicts are firstly a tangible phenomenon and secondly that all systemic rules of international law address it, encompassing the intricacies of environmental warfare as indicated in the Hamoun case study in the Iran-Afghanistan Aqua Conflict. This progressive approach acknowledges the changing nature of conflicts and emphasizes the need to address not only legal aspects but also the broader social, political, and environmental dimensions within existing normative frameworks.
 
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Article Title Persian

تحول جنگ در حقوق بین الملل، پیکار آبی ایران و افغانستان در زیست بوم هامون

Authors Persian

جابر سیوانی زاد 1
هادی محمودی 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
Abstract Persian

کاوش مفاهیم مخاصماتِ نوظهور در سیاق حقوق بین الملل، کاشف از طرح پرسشی نظریه پردازانه بویژه در معرفی مفهوم ناب پدیدار جنگ است. این نوشتار با رویکردی نظریه پردازانه در ضرورت گفتمان تحلیلی به استدلالات حقوقی سامان داده و مفروض میدارد که آندسته از مفهوم سازی های مشروعیت بخشی که مشمول بعد خلاقانه‌ی ستیز زیست محیطیِ زایش یافته در بستر مفهوم نوین جنگ میشود، در عین حال در قالب یک چارچوب هنجاری قلمداد گردند. با استخدام پژوهشی جامع می‌توان دریافت که این چارچوب دارای توان پیشبرد پیشرفت های نظری فراتر از چارچوب های معرفت شناختی موجود در حقوق بین الملل است. مفهوم جنگ زیست محیطی، به ویژه سلاح‌انگاریِ رودخانه های مرزی را می توان با تاکید بر بحران ها و قحطی های شدید ناشی از تخریب منابع آبی در چارچوب در حال تحول حقوق بین الملل قرار داد. از آنجایی که حقوق بین‌الملل به طور فزاینده‌ای حفاظت از محیط زیست را تضمین مینماید، باید هدف‌گیری عمدی منابع آبی را که می‌تواند جمعیت غیرنظامی وابسته به این منابع را نابود کند، مورد توجه قرار داد. مقاله حاضر با استفاده از روش جزمی-اجتماعی و با بکارگیری سنجه ی معیارهای کمی، اشعار میدارد که ستیز‌های نوظهور اولاً پدیداری ملموس است. ثانیاً، آنچنانکه در مطالعه موردی هامون در نبرد آبی ایران و افغانستان نشان داده شده است، تمام قواعد سیستمی حقوق بین‌الملل با آن انطباق پذیر بوده و پیچیدگی‌های یک جنگ محیطی را در بر می‌گیرد. این رویکرد آینده‌نگر ماهیت در حال تحول درگیری‌ها را به رسمیت می‌شناسد و به بررسی ابعاد حقوقی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و محیطی گسترده‌تر در ساختارهای هنجاری موجود می‌پردازد.

Keywords Persian

مفهوم نوین جنگ
تطور زور
حقوق بین الملل
پیکار آبی
بوم شناسی هامون
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Volume 14, Issue 2 - Serial Number 38
November 2023
Pages 483-504

  • Receive Date 17 August 2024
  • Revise Date 26 November 2024
  • Accept Date 29 December 2024