Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

China's Economic Influence in International Organizations and Consequences for Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Ph.D student of International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD in Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The concept of power has consistently been a focal point in international relations and political theories, particularly within the realist school of thought. Traditionally, power discussions centered primarily on military capabilities; however, the dimensions of power have evolved, with economic power emerging as a critical factor in international politics. In recent years, China has experienced unprecedented economic growth, demonstrating resilience in the face of global financial crises and the COVID-19 pandemic. This research investigates the impact of China's economic power on its standing within international organizations. It first outlines key indicators of economic power-such as GDP based on purchasing power parity, current account balance, foreign currency reserves, patents, and oil trade balance-and examines their influence on policy. Subsequently, the study analyzes China's increasing presence and influence in major international institutions, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies (e.g., the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization). The findings indicate that China's economic power has significantly enhanced its position within these institutions, thereby strengthening its role in the international system.
Keywords

Subjects


Article Title Persian

قدرت اقتصادی چین: جایگاه آن در سازمان های بین المللی و پیامدهای آن برای ایران

Authors Persian

محمد ابراهیمی 1
بهزاد نیازآذری 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
Abstract Persian

عنصر قدرت همواره مرکز اصلی مباحث در نظریه ‌های روابط و سیاست بین الملل بوده است. قدرت را باید مؤلفه اصلی در مباحث مکتب رئالیسم دانست. ابعاد قدرت از ابتدای مباحث نظری تا کنون گسترده ‌تر شده اند و مانند گذشته تنها بعد نظامی مطرح نیست. بعد مهم دیگر قدرت که نقش تعیین ‌کننده‌ای در سیاست بین‌الملل دارد، بعد اقتصادی آن است. در سال‌های اخیر هم‌ زمان با رشد بی‌سابقه قدرت اقتصادی چین علی‌رغم سپری کردن بحران اخیر مالی جهانی و حتی پس از بحران کووید ۱۹، شاهد افزایش نفوذ چینی ‌ها در سازمان ‌ها و نهاد های بین ‌المللی هستیم. سؤال پژوهش حاضر این است که قدرت اقتصادی چین چه تأثیری بر ارتقاء جایگاه چین در سازمان‌ های بین المللی داشته است؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش ابتدا به شاخص ‌های قدرت اقتصادی (از جمله:‌ تولید ناخالص داخلی بر اساس برابری قدرت خرید، موازنه حساب جاری، ذخیره ارز خارجی، ثبت اختراعات، موازنه تجاری نفت و ...) و تأثیر آن بر سیاست بین ‌الملل پرداخته شد و در ادامه این شاخص ‌ها در مورد چین بررسی‌شد و به دنبال آن نیز بررسی نقش چینی‌ها و افزایش نفوذ آن‌ها در سازمان‌ ملل و سازمان های تخصصی وابسته (از جمله: صندوق بین المللی پول، بانک جهانی، سازمان تجارت جهانی و ...) به آن انجام شد که درنهایت این نتیجه حاصل شد که قدرت اقتصادی چین نقش بسیار مهمی در ارتقاء جایگاه چین در این نهادهای بین‌المللی داشته و در نهایت منجر به ارتقاء جایگاه این کشور در ساختار نظام بین الملل شده است.

Keywords Persian

قدرت اقتصادی
سازمان‌های بین‌المللی
سازمان ملل
صندوق بین‌المللی پول
ذخایر ارزی
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Zhihai, X. I. E. (2011). The rise of China and its growing role in international organizations. Journal of Modern Chinese Studies, 4(1), 85-96.

 

  1. B) Internet articles

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Bretton Woods Project. China and the World Bank. Bretton Woods Project. 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2021-06-06. Available in: http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2011/09/art-568894/

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  1. C) Charts

Chart 1: Top ten economies in the world based on GDP by PPP in 2022: gdp by ppp 2022: World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022 Edition". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 12 October 2022.

Chart 2: The main players of international trade in 2021: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:Main_players_for_international_trade_in_goods,_2021.png

Chart 3: Top ten countries in terms of patents in 2021: Statista Research Department, Dec 13, 2022, available in: https://www.statista.com/statistics/257152/ranking-of-the-20-countries-with-the-most-patent-grants/

Chart 4: The main countries supplying the United Nations budget 2019-2021: General Assembly of the United Nations, Committee on Contributions, 11 February 2021, available in: https://www.un.org/en/ga/contributions/honourroll_2021.shtml

Chart 5: US trade with China 1985-2017: United States Census Bureau, Oct 2017, available in: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.html

Chart 6: IBRD projects in China 1981-2018: http://projects.worldbank.org/search?lang=en&searchTerm=&countrycode_exact=CN

Chart 7: Top six powers in World Bank voting rights in 2019: Scott Morris, Erin Collinson and Alysha Gardner, ABCs of the IFIs: The World Bank, Center for Global Development, OCTOBER 11, 2019, available in: https://www.cgdev.org/publication/abcs-ifis-the-world -bank

Chart 8: The presence of military forces of the top 5 countries in peacekeeping operations 2000-2018: China Power Team. "Is China contributing to the United Nations' mission?" China Power. March 7, 2016. Updated April 18, 2018. Accessed July 14, 2018. https://chinapower.csis.org/china-un-mission/

Chart 9: The share of financing countries in UN peacekeeping operations between 1994 and 2016: UN Peacekeeping Financial Contributions, International Peace Institute, December 2016, available in: https://www.ipinst.org/providing-for-peacekeeping-database/ppp-graphs

 

  1. D) Tables

Table 1: Top 10 countries in 2021 current account balance: Current account balance by country: https://public.knoema.com/ rwidmdc/imf-world-economic-outlook-weo-database-october-2022

Table 2: Top 10 countries in foreign currency reserves in 2022: Elvis picardo, investopedia: available in: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/033115/10-countries-biggest-forex-reserves.asp, retrieved on: august 11, 2022

Table 3: Top 10 countries in crude oil import in 2021: Daniel Workman. Crude Oil Imports by Country. worldstopexports. MAY 15, 2022, available in: https://www.worldstopexports. com/crude-oil-imports-by-country/

Table 4: Chinese positions in the United Nations between 2007 and 2010: Zhihai, X. I. E. (2011). The rise of China and its growing role in international organizations. Journal of Modern Chinese Studies, 4(1), 85-96.

Table 5: The share of three countries, the United States, China and Japan, in providing the UN budget 2001-2018: Browne, M. A., & Blanchfield, L. (2013). United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1990-2010. Congressional Research Service.

Table 6: The share of the top 10 countries in providing the WTO budget in 2017: World Trade Organization. Annual Report 2017. Printed by the WTO Secretariat, pp 177-178

Table 7: Comparison of the SDR portfolio in 2016 and 2022: Special Drawing Right, International Monetary Fund, July 29, 2022, available in: https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/ Sheets/2016/08/01/14/51/Special-Drawing-Right- SDR

Table 8: The main suppliers of financial resources for peacekeeping operations in 2019 to 2021: United Nations Peacekeeping, how we are funded, December 2022, available in: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/how-we-are-funded

  • Receive Date 14 February 2023
  • Revise Date 30 April 2023
  • Accept Date 24 April 2023