Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs

Provisions of Lawsuits for Compensation for Oil Pollution by Ships Based on Iran and United States Laws: A Comparative Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Research Institute for Strategic Studies, Tehran, Iran
2 The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran.
3 Ph.D of The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Considering that Iran has both oil and seawater, which is the route of transportation of oil tankers, the legal system of Iran has been discussed in this paper. Also, regulations related to prevention and dealing with pollution caused by oil tankers, regulations on how to compensate for damages caused by oil pollution, filing lawsuits, and how to receive compensation due to damages are examined with comparison to American laws. Regarding Iran's laws, it can be said that this country has not passed advanced regulations domestically and independently. However, due to the international aspect of these incidents, conventions have been formulated by international organizations, and by joining them, Iran has aligned itself with the international community in this field. However, since most of its states are surrounded by the sea and a lot of oil is transported through its ports, the United States enacted legislation in this field before the international community, and the history of its legislation dates back to 1924. With its strong domestic laws, the United States has not acceded to international conventions and still considers its national laws to govern these matters. Hence, the laws of this country and its performance be set as a model for other countries that are struggling with these issues.
Keywords

Subjects


Article Title Persian

مقررات دعوای جبران خسارت آلودگی نفتی ناشی از کشتی در حقوق ایران و آمریکا

Authors Persian

پیمان حسنی 1
فاطمه شریفی 2
صیاد خاکزاد 3
1 پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی، تهران، ایران
2 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران
Abstract Persian

نظام قانون گذاری ایران، با عنایت به اینکه کشور ایران، هم دارای نفت بوده و هم دارای آب های دریایی که مسیر تردد نفتکش ها نیز می باشد پرداخته و مقررات مربوط به پیشگیری و مقابله با آلودگی ناشی از کشتی های نفتکش و مقررات مربوط به نحوه ی جبران خسارت ناشی از آلودگی های نفتی، طرح دعوا و چگونگی دریافت غرامت ناشی از خسارات وارده با مقایسه با حقوق آمریکا مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. در مورد حقوق ایران می توان گفت این کشور در زمینه ی داخلی به صورت مستقل مقررات پیشرفته به تصویب نرسانده لکن با توجه به جنبه بین المللی این حوادث، کنوانسیون هایی توسط سازمان های بین المللی تدوین گردیده که کشور ایران با ملحق شدن به آنها با جامعه جهانی در این زمینه هم راستا شده است؛ لیکن کشور آمریکا به دلیل احاطه شدن بیشتر ایالت های آن در دریا و حمل و نقل زیاد نفت در بنادر آن، قبل از جامعه ی جهانی در این زمینه اقدام به قانون گذاری نموده، به طوری که سابقه قانون گذاری آن به سال 1924 بر می گردد، با توجه به داشتن قوانین داخلی قوی به این کنوانسیون ها ملحق نشده است و همچنان قوانین ملی خود را حاکم بر این دسته از موضوعات می داند و عمکلرد این کشور و قوانین آن، می تواند به عنوان الگویی برای کشورهای دیگر که با این مسائل دست و پنجه نرم می کنند قرار گیرد.

Keywords Persian

نفت
نفتکش
آلودگی نفتی
مسئولیت مدنی
جبران خسارت
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  • Receive Date 08 January 2024
  • Revise Date 04 March 2024
  • Accept Date 08 March 2024